Crime in Society Free Essays

Wrongdoing is something that is inside our reality consistently. If you somehow managed to ask individuals simply strolling down the road how they would depict a lawbreaker, most would presumably talk about the road crooks. Numerous individuals don't focus on the cushy violations or the wrongdoings that are not occurring around the territory that the live in. We will compose a custom exposition test on Wrongdoing in Society or on the other hand any comparable point just for you Request Now Wrongdoing to me is something that somebody does to overstep a law. Wrongdoing is essentially something somebody would do on the off chance that they had lost their employment and couldn't deal with their family. They would fight or what they could get, regardless of whether it implied violate a law or perpetrating a wrongdoing. These individuals would feel as though there was nothing else out there. Society has the choices to see wrongdoing as they will. Some will characterize wrongdoing as everything is awful on the off chance that they are overstepping a law, they ought to be rebuffed. Others would characterize it to be light for certain hoodlums that have disciplines and for violations like homicide some would consider this wrongdoing is a capital punishment case in certain social orders. Somebody can characterize wrongdoing with any of their suppositions. Numerous individuals characterize wrongdoing as murder, burglary, or even harm to somebody else’s property. Numerous individuals would believe these wrongdoings to be deserving of law. An exact explanation and wrongdoing that we know to be genuine would be the shooting that happened for the current year at the cinema in Colorado. We realize that this wrongdoing is genuine in light of the fact that he had firearms and ammunition covered up inside the venue before the occurrence happened. Likewise, that he executed twelve individuals and harmed more than fifty would be another approach to show that it is valid. It was very much arranged and thoroughly considered for what he was doing and when he would do it. There was additionally onlookers that said he looked prepared for way. This was one of the deadliest mass shootings in the United States history to date. After they was done at the area of the wrongdoing, the cops chose to visit his home, wherein to discover it booby-caught and discovered more weapons and ammunition. One generally misinterpretation that numerous individuals have on the planet is that discovering somebody to pic the wrongdoing on is the main thing that the police are stressed over when understanding a case. This confusion has many blended emotions all through the world. My sentiment is that as long as they have somebody to call a suspect or somebody to nail the wrongdoing to, they couldn't care less. Another would be that our legal framework is reasonable for everybody. This announcement can be wide in light of the fact that numerous things influence the manner in which our framework is worked. One final misguided judgment that we include today inside the world would be that capital punishment is needed by everybody. Safeguards of the passing enalty likewise recommend that it is a financially savvy approach to dispense with the additional cost of lodging genuine hoodlums in jail forever (Collica Furst, 2012). Numerous individuals with the musings of capital punishment have blended considerations. Numerous individuals share similar sentiments I share meaning, I don't believe that they ought to be attempting to authorize capital punishment until they fix the amendments inside the framewor ks and realize that for 100% certainty they have the individual that perpetrated the wrongdoing. Different advocates contend that the execution of the guilty party will bring conclusion and will permit survivors to proceed onward with their lives (Armor Umbreit, 2007; Gross Matheson, 2003). â€Å"Killing honest people is murder, and if the state does it in our name, since we have requested it, at that point we are liable of it. Also, on the off chance that we are on the whole liable of planned homicide, at that point we should all get capital punishment (that is one occurrence where wrongdoing will absolutely drop dramatically)† (Leman-Langlois). References: Leman-Langlois, S. , Crime ET Regulations in Society. Recovered on October 22, 2012 from http://www. wrongdoing reg. com/record. htm Armor, M. P. , Umbreit, M. S. (2007). A definitive punitive assent and conclusion for overcomers of manslaughter casualties. Marquette Law Review, 91, 381â€424. Net, S. R. , Matheson, D. J. (2003). What they state toward the end: Capital victims’ families and the press. Cornell Law Review, 88, 486â€516. Collica, K. Furst, G. (2012). Wrongdoing Society. San Diego, CA:Bridgepoint Education The most effective method to refer to Crime in Society, Essay models

Defining Honor

If I somehow happened to ask about six individuals at irregular to mention to me what they implied by the word â€Å"honor,† I imagine that I would most likely get totally different answers. One reason for this is it regularly implies various things in the psyches of various individuals. For example, we state that it was a significant privilege for Jim Smith to be chosen skipper of the football crew; and afterward, then again, we talk about a code of respect, †or the laws of respect. What does Jim Smith’s being chief of the eleven have to do with the laws of respect? What we mean, on account of Jim, is that his political decision as chief shows that different young men believe in his play, and in this manner this position gives him a nearby notoriety as a similarly decent player and pioneer. Presently numerous individuals on the planet have just this thought of respect; and, when they talk about holding their respect sacrosanct to the exclusion of everything else, they mean keeping their notoriety great according to men. Thus, they esteem any office or prize that adds to their notoriety; and the more their notoriety develops and the more differentiation they procure, the more decent they feels themselves to be. This was respect existing among the old rapscallion individuals before the Christian period. You realize that, after the fall of the incomparable Roman Empire, there was a time of around a thousand years, when the light of human progress went out in Europe, and the haziness of obliviousness and brutality had its spot. During these dull days, there was a lot of going on that was worse and at times much more terrible from an ethical perspective than in the times of the Roman Empire; at the same time, when the psyches of men started to wake up once more, their norms truly had progressed farther than the old pagan principles of life. A seed Christian guideline had been developing for every one of these years lastly bloomed out in the Age of Chivalry. This, as you most likely are aware, was a declaration above all else that the thought that â€Å"Might makes Right† is bogus, in spite of the fact that it had been all around accepted to be valid, by and by, before the happening to Christ. The sets of knighthood which emerged in different pieces of Europe were made out of men who made it their business to bring request out of disarray, †to murder the wild monsters that meddled with groups and crowds and made cultivating troublesome, †to overwhelm and cancel the thieves and looters who made voyaging perilous, †and to ensure ladies and youngsters in regard and security. These men bound themselves by serious pledges to keep certain laws which were important for completing their work, and their commitment or awareness of other's expectations to keep these laws they called their â€Å"Honor. † Hence another origination of respect appeared, and their code of respect was the law as indicated by which their lead was decided among themselves. This is, obviously, a totally different thought of respect from that which comprises of reasoning that differentiation before men is preferable worth having over whatever else, and which along these lines places notoriety above character. Anyone who looks at these two thoughts of respect can see that the one is just a fake impersonation of the other, and that there isn't important association between them by any stretch of the imagination; for a man may have character without notoriety, and he may have notoriety without character, for notoriety might be either obvious or bogus; and, when valid, it is by and large a direct result of the character fundamental it. Be that as it may, many fine notorieties of numerous types are simply the aftereffect of shrewd publicizing, and this training is one of the most ruinous and corrupting to character and genuine masculinity. This is so in light of the fact that, when we look for notoriety for the wellbeing of its own, we are respecting the allurement of vanity; and vanity is a shortcoming and sickness of the spirit. Everyone has impulses to survive, and it is everybody’s business to know and neutralize his shortcomings; in any case, when our central desire in life cultivates our shortcoming, and we trick ourselves by giving the name of â€Å"honor† to that which debilitates us, we can barely hope to become more grounded as the years pass by. The old knights had the correct thought of respect, and there have been an extraordinary assortment of requests of valor in various nations, for example, those referenced in the Boy Scout Manual; and the fundamental thought in every one of them was to hold up a standard of open help which would raise men over the propensities and customs of childish beasts and simply common men. There is another incredible qualification between these two originations of respect: when we think about our notoriety for being our respect we require onlookers, for our notoriety is the thing that we are in the psyches of other men; yet the respect of character, which is our holy commitment to keep the law of our code and to carry out our responsibility in God’s sight, is similarly as authoritative upon us when we are isolated, and consequently it must control our most private acts and mystery contemplations. A little newsy boarded a jam-packed vehicle an evening or two ago with an extremely enormous heap of papers, and the conductor, with coarse benevolence, attempted to support him by declining to take his toll, in spite of the fact that obviously he was unable to do this without swindling the railroad. The kid took a gander at him with outrage and could hardly imagine how he was the conductor. He went all through the vehicle chasing for the genuine conductor to whom he could pay his reasonable. This young man was more extravagant than if he had millions in bank instead of this decent sentiment of respectable freedom and of assurance to satisfy every one of his commitments; and, in the event that he stays consistent with this rule in all an amazing periods, he will achieve definitely more than if he amassed millions, or became President of the United States. He will add to the delight and poise of numerous different lives just as his own; for, at some point or another, each individual discovers that without this devotion to respect life can't be cheerful, is †undoubtedly, not worth living. In any case, we should be mindful so as to recall that, in spite of the fact that this is such a significant and focal truth, we can't anticipate that each one should think about it; and along these lines we can't anticipate that them should act in like manner. In this, as in all other such issues, we should be wary against feeling better than the individuals who have not had our favorable circumstances. Close to keeping our own commitments of respect is the obligation of ensuring the respect of every one of those with whom we have contact; †and particularly of the frail and uninformed. The powerless must be ensured by whatever means is essential and suitable, and the oblivious might be instructed in the event that we go about it unobtrusively and in a cordial soul, without â€Å"laying down the law. † obviously, it is the obligation of watch pioneers to see that every one of their young men comprehend as completely as conceivable the idea of the commitments which they have taken upon themselves. It is likewise the obligation of scouts to hand along whatever supportive information they need to different scouts close enough for their companionship. However, this holds great for scouts and their officials as well as for all men; and it is impossible except if, in any case, we ourselves attempt to rehearse what we educate and afterward show it with an unassuming valuation for the magnificence or utilization of the subject, and with no vanity or arrogance. There is no legitimacy, however just benefit, †so extraordinary that it is hard to assess, †in educating and being instructed to comprehend and live by the profound and tried facts of life; and the more we learn, from obeying them, the more submissively thankful we will be.

Using the Spanish Preposition Por

Utilizing the Spanish Preposition Por Por is one of the most valuable and basic relational words in Spanish, yet it can likewise be one of the most confounding to English speakers. That is on the grounds that it is some of the time interpreted with respect to, similar to the relational word para, and they are extremely occasional tradable. As a learner, it is most likely best to get familiar with the two relational words independently and to consider por a relational word that typically demonstrates cause or thought process, as opposed to just as an interpretation for. (It additionally regularly implies by, however it isnt the main Spanish relational word deciphered that way.) So in the instances of por utilization that are given underneath, an interpretation (now and then unbalanced) utilizing a word or expression other than for is given, notwithstanding an interpretation utilizing for (where proper). By figuring out how por is utilized as opposed to how it is generally deciphered, you will think that its simpler to learn over the long haul. Por To Indicate Cause or Reason In these utilizations, por can frequently be interpreted as a result of.  ¿Por quã ©? (Why? Due to what? For what?)Trabajo aquã ­ por el dinero. (I work here in view of the cash. I work here for the money.)No podemos salir por la lluvia. (We can't leave due to the downpour. We can't leave because of the rain.)Conseguà ­ el empleo por mi padre. (I landed the position in view of my dad. I landed the position through my father.)La asistencia en desempleo por causa de desastre es un programa financiado por el gobierno government. (Catastrophe joblessness protection is a program financed by the central government. Joblessness protection for calamities is a program financed by the national government.) Por as an Indication of Support Por is regularly utilized this in conversation of political races and issues. Voto por Julia Gonzles. (I am deciding in favor of Julia Gonzales. I am casting a ballot on the side of Julia Gonzales.)Es socio de Mã ©dicos Por Justicia. (He is an individual from Doctors for Justice. He is an individual from Doctors Supporting Justice.)Mi padre est por no violencia. (My dad is for peacefulness. My dad is a supporter of nonviolence.)Es el representante por el estado de Nueva York. (Hes the agent for the territory of New York. Hes the agent for the benefit of the territory of New York.) Por To Indicate an Exchange One basic utilization of this sort is telling how much something cost. Comprã © el coche por $10.000 dà ³lares.(I purchased the vehicle for $10,000. I purchased the vehicle in return for $10,000.)Gracias por la comida. (A debt of gratitude is in order for the meal.)Quisiera cambiar la camisa por una nueva. (Id like to trade the shirt for another one.)Hago cualquiera cosa por una sonrisa. (I do anything for a grin.) Por To Indicate Placement In such uses, por doesnt show a goal, yet rather closeness or area. It is regularly interpreted as by or through. Pasaremos por San Francisco. (We will go through San Francisco.)La escuela no est por aquã ­. (The school isnt close here.)Caminar por la montaã ±a es una actividad de alto desgaste. Climbing through the mountains is a high-weakness action.) Por Meaning Per Por is a related of the English per In casual settings, an English interpretation of for is normal. El tres por ciento tiene dos coches. (Three percent have two cars.)Comprà © dos regalos por persona. (I purchased two presents for every individual. I purchased two presents for each person.)Trabajo 40 horas por semana. (I work 40 hours out of every week. I work 40 hours per week.) Por Meaning By Por is typically interpreted as by when it focuses to somebody playing out an activity. Basic uses are showing the writer of a book or other work, or demonstrating the entertainer of an inactive action word. Fue escrito por William Shakespeare. (It was composed by William Shakespeare.)Los tacos fueron comidos por los estudiantes. (The tacos were eaten by the students.)Prefiero el libro por Isaac Asimov. (I incline toward the book by Isaac Asimov.)Puedo sneer por mã ­ mismo. (I can peruse without anyone else.) Por in Set Phrases Many fixed expressions utilizing por are generally utilized as intensifiers. The significance of such expressions isnt constantly evident by deciphering the words exclusively. por causa de (in light of the fact that of)por cierto (by the way)por el contrario (on the contrary)por lo general (generally)por supuesto (of course)por otra parte (on the other hand)por blade (finally)por lo menos (at any rate)

How To Choose Good Argumentative Essay Samples

How To Choose Good Argumentative Essay SamplesGood argumentative essay samples are available in many forms and styles. The style of writing on your paper can make a world of difference in determining how well your essay will be received. This is why a good argumentative essay sample may differ from a bad one.Some people are going to rely on examples of personal experiences and stories that they have heard or read about. It is better to make sure that you convey this in the best way possible. Using these kinds of examples gives an overall thought process to the student and helps to turn his or her opinions.On the other hand, a more personal academic essay should be written using examples of some of your best skills and experiences. This is not only good for showcasing your own ability but it also makes the student feel that he or she is able to express their views in a unique way. This kind of essay style would also help you get through some tough times when the assignments are gettin g tougher. As a student, you would feel more assured that you can manage the assignment as you know that your point of view is recognized by the teacher.Good argumentative essay samples should also be written in a way that it is comprehensible to others. Good essay writers know how to reach out to the reader in a way that makes them feel that they can relate to the reader. This means that you must put yourself in the position of being a reader and make the reader empathize with you.Good argumentative essay samples should also be formal and concise. Students who write this type of essay normally do so because they want their student points to come across as clear and precise. A formal and concise format will help you make your point without raising unnecessary questions. It also helps you retain the information that is being given to you in the paper. good argumentative essay samples It would be helpful if you are able to find good argumentative essay samples and start writing them w hile studying. This will make you feel comfortable with the process and will help you get over any fears and apprehensions that may arise while writing. When you feel that you are writing a good argumentative essay, all you have to do is stay focused and move on.By the time you are finished writing your paper, you will surely feel that you are able to manage the assignment and that you can make all the right decisions that need to be made. This is what you should aim for and why you should consider a good argumentative essay sample as one of your best weapons.

Sample Recommendation Letters for College Applicants

Many colleges, universities, and business schools request recommendation letters as part of the application process. Choosing the person to ask for your recommendation is often your first challenge because you want an honest letter that will improve your chances of being accepted. Also, if you are the person writing a letter of recommendation, it may be difficult to know where to begin.   No matter which side youre on, reading through a few good letters of recommendation will certainly help. With these samples, you can make better decisions about whom to ask, what should be included, and take note of the best format for writing one. Every college applicant has a different situation and your relationship with  a student and recommender is also unique. For that reason, were going to look at a few different scenarios that can be adapted to fit your needs. Choosing the Right Person for a Recommendation A good recommendation letter  from a high school teacher,  college professor, or another academic reference  can really help an applicants  chances of acceptance. Other sources of recommendations might include a club president, employer, community director, coach, or mentor. The goal is to find someone who has had time to get to know you well.  A person who has worked closely with you or known you for a significant period of time will have more to say and be able to offer specific examples to back up their opinions. On the other hand, someone who doesnt know you very well may struggle to come up with supporting details. The result might be a vague reference that doesnt do anything to make you stand out as a candidate.   Selecting a letter writer from an advanced course, extra-curricular group, or volunteer experience is also a good idea. This shows that you are motivated and confident in your academic performance or willing to put in extra effort outside the typical classroom. Although there are a lot of different things that are considered during the college application process, previous academic performance and work ethic are among the most important.   Recommendation Letter From an AP Professor The following letter of recommendation was written for a college student who is also an undergraduate program applicant. The  letter writer  is  the students AP English professor, whose class other students may struggle with, so there are some extra benefits here.   What makes this letter stand out? As you read this letter, note how the letter writer specifically mentions the  students outstanding work ethic and  academic performance. He also discusses her leadership capability, her ability to multi-task, and her creativity. He even offers an example of her record of achievement—a novel project that she worked on with the rest of the class. Specific examples like this are a great way for the recommender to reinforce the main points of the letter.   To Whom It May Concern:Cheri Jackson is an extraordinary young woman. As her AP English Professor, I have seen many examples of her talent and have long been impressed by her diligence and work ethic. I understand that Cheri is applying to the Recommendation Letter From a Debate Coach This letter was written by a high school teacher for an  undergraduate business school applicant. The letter writer is very familiar with the student since they were both members of the schools debate team, an extra-curricular that demonstrates a drive in academics.   What makes this letter stand out?  Getting a letter  from someone who is familiar with your classroom behavior and academic ability can show admissions committees that you are dedicated to your education. It also demonstrates that you have made good impressions on those in the educational community. The content of this letter could be very beneficial to the applicant. The letter does a good job of demonstrating the applicants motivation and self-discipline. It also cites specific examples to support the recommendation. As you are reading this sample letter, take note of the required  format for recommendations. The letter contains short paragraphs and multiple line breaks for easy readability. It also contains the name of the person who wrote it as well as contact information, which helps makes the letter look legit. To Whom It May Concern:Jenna Breck was a student in my debate class and has also been on myRecommendation Letter From Volunteer Experience Many undergraduate business programs ask applicants to supply a recommendation letter from an employer or someone who knows how the applicant works. Not everyone has professional work experience, though. If you have never worked a 9 to 5 job, you can get a recommendation from a community leader or non-profit administrator. Though it is traditionally unpaid,  volunteer experience  is still a work experience.What makes this letter stand out? This sample letter demonstrates what a  recommendation from a non-profit administrator might look like. The letter writer emphasizes the students leadership and organizational skills, work ethic, and moral fiber. Although the letter doesnt touch on academics, it does tell the admissions committee who this student is as a person. Demonstrating personality can sometimes be just as important as showing good grades on a transcript. To Whom It May Concern:As the Director of the Bay Area Community Center, I work closely with many of the community

Kate Chopin s The Yellow Wallpaper - 1208 Words

What were the consequences for being a woman back in the 1800’s? Not to mention, for centuries women have always been placed under control of men, whereas they were more known to be housewives. In addition, women were only allowed to do domestic work, throughout history, women have fought for the equal right. Similarly, â€Å"The Storm† and â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† that indicates perfect examples of domestic. However, in the two short stories â€Å"Story of an Hour† Louise Mallard is the protagonist of Kate Chopin s 1984 short story and â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† Jennie is the protagonist, focus on women’s plight near the 19th century. The era around the time is a modern society when women were still treated as second-class citizens. For instance, the two women with the stories, share similarities, but different considering how they dealt with the problems in their lives. In addition to this around this time women were simple with men t hat they did not happen with, but only stood in their marriages for the kids and it was not common to be alone without having a husband to be in charged of the house.Men were allowed to own property including the woman and all of her inheritance, they could get an education (like most women couldn t, and they could have a lot of jobs that women couldn t. In â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† by Charlotte Perkins Gilman, the unnamed female protagonist is going through a rough time in her life has been in a difficult situation being a woman who is not in control ofShow MoreRelatedKate Chopin s The Yellow Wallpaper1415 Words   |  6 PagesVictorian era were Kate Chopin and Charlotte Perkins Gilman. The Victorian era brought out many different themes of freedom, confinement, and inequity. The Victorian themes can be seen in Kate Chopin’s writing called, â€Å"The Story of an Hour† and Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s writing called, â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper.† There are many similarities and differences between both Victorian women’s perspectives and writing. This paper will compare and contrast the short stories written by Kate Chopin and CharlotteRead MoreKate Chopin s The Yellow Wallpaper And The Story Of An Hour1887 Words   |  8 Pagesword coming out of their mouths. Two out of the ordinary shor t stories, â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† and â€Å"The Story of An Hour,† mostly focused on a women’s dilemma that they faced near the 19th century. The two main characters in the short stories show some resemblances in some ways, but both characters portrayed them in different ways of how they dealt their sorrows in their marriages. â€Å"The Story of An Hour† by Kate Chopin is about a woman named Louise Mallard, who was very unsatisfied with her marriageRead MoreAnalysis Of Kate Chopin s The Story Of An Hour And The Yellow Wallpaper 721 Words   |  3 Pages102 Assignment 8 Part 2 Literary Analysis October 29, 2017 Longing for Freedom How much would you sacrifice to have the ability to make your own decisions? Would you risk your sanity or even your life? â€Å"The Story of an Hour† by Kate Chopin and â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† by Charlotte Perkins Gilman both illustrate the feeling of wanting to escape and gaining freedom. Both stories are about a woman who is oppressed by her husband and trying to find a way to overcome this depression. These stories areRead MoreKate Chopin s An Hour, And Tillie Olsen s `` The Yellow Wallpaper ``1150 Words   |  5 Pagesbenefit economically, socially, politically, culturally, and several more ways. This essay will highlight and analyze the cultural aspects of feminism from the texts of Kate Chopin’s novel The Awakening, Donald Hall’s â€Å"Feminist Analysis† from Literary and Cultural Theory, Charlotte Gilman’s short story †The Yellow Wallpaper†, Kate Chopin’s short story â€Å"The Story of an Hour†, and Til lie Olsen’s short story â€Å"Tell Me A Riddle.† Cultural feminism, the ideology of the roles and stereotypical characteristicsRead MoreKate Chopin s An Hour, And Tillie Olsen s `` The Yellow Wallpaper ``1396 Words   |  6 Pagesmultiple theories on feminism, Donald Hall’s definition of cultural feminism, from his â€Å"Feminist Analysis† of Literary and Cultural Theory, will be used to explore the cultural aspects of the texts from Kate Chopin’s novel The Awakening, Charlotte Gilman’s short story †The Yellow Wallpaper,† Kate Chopin’s short story â€Å"The Story of an Hour†, and Tillie Olsen’s short story â€Å"Tell Me A Riddle.† The ideology of feminism is that women are unable to express themselves due to being oppressed by patriarchalRead MoreKate Chopin s An Hour, And Tillie Olsen s `` The Yellow Wallpaper ``1483 Words   |  6 Pagesbenefit economically, socially, politically, culturally, and s everal more ways. This essay will highlight and analyze the cultural aspects of feminism from the texts of Kate Chopin’s novel The Awakening, Donald Hall’s â€Å"Feminist Analysis† from Literary and Cultural Theory, Charlotte Gilman’s short story †The Yellow Wallpaper†, Kate Chopin’s short story â€Å"The Story of an Hour†, and Tillie Olsen’s short story â€Å"Tell Me A Riddle.† Cultural feminism, the ideology of the roles and stereotypical characteristicsRead More Freedom for Women in The Yellow Wallpaper by Charlotte Perkins Gillman and The Story of an Hour by Kate Chopin1202 Words   |  5 PagesFreedom for Women in The Yellow Wallpaper by Charlotte Perkins Gillman and The Story of an Hour by Kate Chopin The Yellow Wallpaper by Charlotte Perkins Gillman and The Story of an Hour by Kate Chopin are two feminist works in which liberation is the overlying theme. Both of the main characters achieve freedom from their husbands oppression in these short stories; however, freedom is only achieved through insanity in The Yellow Wallpaper and death in The Story of an Hour. The womenRead More Theme of Entrapment in The Awakening and The Yellow Wallpaper1239 Words   |  5 PagesEntrapment in The Awakening and The Yellow Wallpaper Topics of great social impact have been dealt with in many different ways and in many different mediums. Beginning with the first women’s movement in the 1850’s, the role of women in society has been constantly written about, protested, and debated. Two women writers who have had the most impact in the on-going women’s movement are Kate Chopin and Charlotte Perkins Gilman. The Awakening and The Yellow Wallpaper are two of feminist literature’sRead More Oppression of Women in Chopins Story of an Hour and Gilmans Yellow Wallpaper 1246 Words   |  5 PagesOppression of Women in Chopins Story of an Hour and Gilmans Yellow Wallpaper    The Story of an Hour by Kate Chopin and The Yellow Wallpaper by Charlotte Perkins Gilman share the same view of the subordinate position of women in the late 1800s. Both stories demonstrate the devastating effects on the mind and body that result from an intelligent person living with and accepting the imposed will of another. This essay will attempt to make their themes apparent by examining a brief summeryRead More Womens Issues in The Awakening by Kate Chopin, The Yellow Wallpaper by Charlotte Perkins Gilman, and Souls Belated by Edith Wharton1028 Words   |  5 PagesWomens Issues in The Awakening by Kate Chopin, The Yellow Wallpaper by Charlotte Perkins Gilman, and Souls Belated by Edith Wharton In comparing the three authors and the literary works of women authors Kate Chopin (1850 -1904), The Awakening, Charlotte Perkins Gilmans (1860-1935), The Yellow Wallpaper, and Edith Whartons (1862-1937) Souls Belated, a good number common social issues related to women are brought to light and though subtly pointed out are an outcry against the conventions

Economic Growth of Housing Price

Question: Discuss about the Economic Growth of Housing Price. Answer: Introduction: This article summarizes the various issues that are influencing the long-run growth of housing price in Australia. From the duration of 1980s, inflation of housing prices largely followed the prevailing interest rate of the economy that was comparatively high and unstable. Subsequently, the monetary deregulation of the mid 1980s and deflation in the period of the beginning year of the 1990s led to easier access finance underpinned a secular increase in households debt-to-income ratio that was closely associated with high housing prices from the early 1990 to mid 2000. This article is explores the long-run trends in the housing prices at Australian real estate market. In this, the changes in the prices of houses for long run are explained through the application of primary drivers of housing price growth. This article includes an analysis over the housing price growth in long run through understanding of fundamental drivers. Below are the main messages of this article: Supply and demand Concept: The main focus of this article is to understand the house price growth in long run through applying the law of demand and supply. By applying this law, the growth in prices of house is explained. It is concluded that gap in demand and supply is the key aspect that has played prominent role in making certain changes in the housing prices at Australia. By applying this law, house prices movement in long run is determined significantly. Stock-flow model is considered highly important to study both demand and supply side factors for understanding the long-run trend in the housing prices at Australian real estate market. Demand side factor: There are several factors identified significant in terms of increasing demand and consequently housing prices in long run at Australia. Deregulation of financial sector, low inflation rate and low interest rate have played critical role in increasing access of Australians over the houses that caused rise in prices. Apart from this, population growth is also determined as an important factor, which has caused an increase in the housing prices in Australia. In Australia, natural increase in the population along with an increase in net immigration is a considerable cause of high housing prices. Similarly, cyclical factors mainly monetary policies has played critical role in driving the housing prices in short run. Supply side factors: This article explains supply side factors, which has played critical role in influencing the general price level of the houses in Australia for the long run. The influence of increasing demand over the prices largely depends on the response of supply. If supply also rises with the demand than it is less probability of increasing prices. In short run, it is difficult to improve supply as per the changes in the demand due to the complex nature of developing new dwelling and houses. A considerable time and fund are critical to construct more houses, which is responsible for pumping new supply in the market. An increase construction cost and improvement in the quality of infrastructure development have caused stability in the number of completed dwellings over the past thirty years. This article indicates that supply of house in long run was low than the demand that has caused rise in housing prices in the significant manner. Debt-to-income ratio: This article also examines the relationship between debt-to-income ratio and the rise in housing prices at Australia over the last the three decades. It is identified in this article that low inflation raised the real income and consumer confidence that has made positive impact on the debt-to-income ratio. The growth of housing prices in Australia is closely associated with the rise in debt-to-income ratio. People showed a tendency to offset their less ability to purchase houses by taking high debt than their income, which have played critical role in strengthen the demand and consequently prices of houses in Australia over the last few decades. Thus, the above messages are provided in this article by applying range of economic concepts to understand the factors for driving housing prices in long run within the Australian real estate market. The housing prices in Melbourne are overheated in the recent years like other commodity prices, which are primarily determined by the demand and supply factors. The different factors that are responsible for growing housing prices in Melbourne are discussed as below: Interest Rate: At any level of price, lower interest rates entail with lower mortgage of repayment which attracts the borrowers to borrow more money. This causes the demand of housing has increased and housing prices is going further high. Because the lower interest rate increases the flow money in economy and increases the demand of assets. On the other hand, if the interest goes up than housing demand will ease and the prices will remain stable. In Australia, the interest rates are low, which increases the demand of money for the borrowers to invest in property. This leads to the rise in housing prices in Melbourne. In Australian economy, the interest rates cut down from 1980s through the global economic recession (Yates, 2011). During 1995-96, there was a moderate rise in interest rate and after that it also fell and remained continue lower till recent. Lower interest rate contributed a lot in increasing housing prices over past years in Melbourne. Due to the lower interest rate household debts to GDP in Australia has been increased, which is represented in the below graph: The above graph presents that the household debts to GDP is continuously increasing from 1995s due to lower interest rate. It presents that the demand of houses in Melbourne is increasing because the low interest rate has increased the capacity of buying houses. Investment Demand: Since 1995, investment in housing in Australia has increased, which has become an important driver of increasing house prices. The Reserve Bank of Australia pointed out that since 2001 the investors had increased the continuing price rise in housing market, which is supported by liberal tax benefits. In 2002, the loan approvals for investment grow by 113 percent against 48 percent for the vendor residential (Rahman, 2014). The socio-demographic factors, tax benefits, increasing rental income, institutional development, and broader expansion in economy and capital market have contributed in increasing investment demand for housing. Moreover, the investment in property is preferred as a secure and risk free investment, which has increased the demand and price of houses in Melbourne (Hensher et al, 2012). General Demand and Supply: The increasing need of housing in Melbourne is not based on the provisional factors but substantially based on shifting of population. Melbourne is an industrial and educational hub, which attracts to the immigrants for investment and high education. These immigrants need to houses for living but Melbournes building industry is not capable to construct enough housing units per annum due to lack of qualified people, and building permit process. In Melbourne, the demand is estimated 170,000 housing units per annum but supply is 140,000 housing units per annum (Sweeney, 2016). Furthermore, it is observed that the middle household size is declining due to boost in single person and single parent households that influenced the demand of new houses. Overall, the increased population and lesser households implied an increasing demand of housing, which is known a major determinant of increasing house prices. Due to increased demand and lower supply, the prices of houses are increasing contin ually in Melbourne City. As a result, it is predicted that the prices of houses and apartment will continue to rise over next 3-4 years and more. Economic Growth: There is a positive relation between housing demand and household income. In Melbourne, the household income is increasing rapidly over the time. In 2005-06, the household incomes are 10% higher in comparison of 2003-04 and higher than 34% in comparison of 1994-95. This increasing household income or economic growth increases the wealth of an individual and capability of investment in property (Rahman, 2014). Generally, in every society, Housing is considered as a major store of wealth, which is called wealth effect and leads to an increase in expenditure. As a result, economic growth makes an individual housing affordable that supports housing prices through a self-reinforcing series. Impacts of buyers tax on the equilibrium housing prices, consumer surplus, producer surplus, and total surplus (or social welfare) The effect of tax on the supply-demand equilibrium housing prices is to shift the demand for houses in Melbourne. It is determined by subtracting the before tax demand with the before tax supply (Varian, 2014). The following diagram shows the effects of buyers tax on the equilibrium housing prices: From the above diagram, it can be exhibited that quantity traded before the tax imposed has denoted as qB. But, when the tax is imposed by the government on housing, then the buyer must pay the higher prices due to increase in the cost of housing. And, this amount will be equal to the tax. Moreover, the unique quantity is denoted by qA and the price that buyer pays is denoted as pD. Further, the seller receives that amount is deducted from the taxes and it is shown as pS. Following are another diagram that shows the impact of buyers tax on welfare: Note: C+E depicts the fall in total surplus In addition to this, it is analyzed that buyer taxes on housing prices have a negative impact on the consumer surplus, producer surplus, and social welfare. In this way, it is stated that consumer surplus falls because the prices of housing for the buyers has risen in Melbourne. Further, producer surplus falls due to increasing in the cost of goods and services. Further, the difference is demonstrated by shading and it shows the lost gain from the sale of the unit which is not traded due to buyers tax (McAfee and Lewis, 2015). It is also called deadweight loss because it determines those trades that have not been done due to the tax burden on buyers. It is measured by subtraction of the value of buyers from the cost of the unit to the seller. Moreover, the net loss gains from the sale are depicted by the black point in the diagram. Along with this, buyers tax has a negative impact on the social welfare because the demand for housing is low in the Melbourne economy due to tax burden ( Canto, et al., 2014). Further, due to the tax burden, people do not create interest to buy the houses in Melbourne. As a result, it declines the total surplus in the housing market in Melbourne. An increase in buyers tax will impact on both consumer and producer. If the buyers tax increases than the cost of the product will increase. It will not only decrease the surplus of customer but also the surplus of seller will remain stable (Castellucci et al, 2012). For example, the government increases the buyer tax of $1 on a product than the seller will take it from its customers. In this system, the surplus of the customer will reduce and the increased tax of $1 will be paid to the government. Therefore, the increased buyer tax will not be beneficial for the society. As sales tax, income tax, and corporate tax the buyers tax also raises the revenue of city government. This tax is charged from the customer on its total purchasing. If, the buyers tax on commodities increases than the revenue of the government also increases (Mankiw, 2012). For example, when the government increases $2 as buyer tax from the customer on a particular commodity, than the government revenue will also increase on each purchasing unit of that commodity. The government of UK, USA and Australia are having different housing policies such demand side policies and supply side policies to stabilize the housing market in their economy. These policies are discussed as below: Supply Side Policies: The central or local governments of UK subsidized to private housing builders to build more houses in that area where it is shortage of new houses. This government had also build public housing policies to avail low cost houses in large cities to low paid workers. However, it is a long process and takes many years to locate a territory and undertake the necessary planning for construction but it is an appropriate policy to increase the supply of new houses in the economy. Furthermore, the governments of UK and USA countries are relaxing house building regulations and giving concessions on taxes to builders to decrease the cost of construction and increase the affordable housing plans. These government policies may be helpful in increasing the supply of affordable houses in the country and can stabilize the bubbling prices of houses. The policy of tax concession may encourage the builders to build houses on less regulated territories, which are waiting to develop. Hence, these policie s may boost the investment in new property and improve housing affordability through increase in supply (Hutchens, 2016). Demand Side Policies: The government or monetary authority of an economy may implement a series of policies including the change in deposit requirements, interest rate, affordability of housing, and variable rate of mortgages that can influence the demand of houses in a country (Kulish et al, 2012). At the time of purchasing, the house purchaser could be required a smaller or bigger deposit. In general trend, if the prices is much high than the buyer will require a larger deposit, which will prevent sub-prime buyers from the market who have not sufficient large amount. For instance, all new house purchasers could be forced to put down 25 percent of the total purchase price and remaining 75 percent will take out from mortgage. Further, on average basis the first time purchasers will put down 10 percent deposit and remaining 90 percent will be borrowed. Furthermore, the Bank of England increases or decreases the rate of interest if the prices of houses are contributing in general inflation and deflation. However, the government of UK not focuses directly on housing prices it considers only changes in interest rates if housing prices are going in inflation or deflation to stabilize the housing market. In addition, the borrowers might be switch from the variable mortgage interest rates to fixed interest rate that can impact the housing market of a country. Additionally, the government of Australia providing affordable housing policies to access sustainable and safe housing that contributes in economic and social participation of the country (Australian Government, 2016). From the above discussion, it can be suggested that government of Melbourne should increase interest rate and also increase the supply of new houses through various housing plans. Because, if the interest rate increases than the borrower will take less money from banks and will invest less in property. Moreover, in Melbourne the supply of new houses is less rather than demand therefore the increased supply can manage the gap between demand and supply that may stop the increasing prices of houses. Hence, both the interest rate and supply policies may be beneficial to stabilize the housing market of Melbourne. References: Australian Government (2016) National Affordable Housing Agreement. [Online]. Available at: https://www.dss.gov.au/housing-support/programmes-services/national-affordable-housing-agreement (Accessed: 7 January 2017). Canto, V. A., Joines, D. H., and Laffer, A. B. (2014)Foundations of supply-side economics: Theory and evidence. USA: Academic Press. Castellucci, L., Markandya, A., and Piga, G. (2012) Environmental Taxes and Fiscal Reform. USA: Springer. Hensher, D. A., Truong, T. P., Mulley, C., and Ellison, R. (2012) Assessing the wider economy impacts of transport infrastructure investment with an illustrative application to the North-West Rail Link project in Sydney, Australia.Journal of Transport Geography,24(3), pp. 292-305. Hutchens, G. (2016) Labor's negative gearing changes would help stabilise housing market: McKell Institute. [Online]. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2016/may/27/labors-negative-gearing-changes-would-help-stabilise-housing-market-mckell-institute (Accessed: 7 January 2017). Kearns J and P Lowe (2011) Australias Prosperous 2000s: Housing and the Mining Boom, The Australian Economy in the 2000s, Proceedings of a Conference, Reserve Bank of Australia, Sydney. 2(2), pp. 73100. Kulish, M., Richards, A., and Gillitzer, C. (2012) Urban structure and housing prices: Some evidence from Australian cities.Economic Record,88(282), pp. 303-322. Mankiw, N. G. (2012) Essentials of Economics. USA: Cengage Learning. McAfee, R. P., and Lewis, T. R. (2015) Introduction to Economic Analysis. [Online]. Available at: https://catalog.flatworldknowledge.com/bookhub/13?e=mcafee-ch05_s01 (Accessed: 7th January 2016). Rahman, M. M. (2014) Australian Housing Market: Causes and Effects of Rising Price. [Online]. Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/228384641_Australian_housing_market_causes_and_effects_of_rising_price (Accessed: 6 January 2017). Schwab, A. (2016) The property market is completely bonkers and so are you to buy into it. [Online]. Available at: https://www.crikey.com.au/2016/07/29/australias-property-market-in-mother-of-all-bubbles/ (Accessed: 6 January 2017). Sweeney, N. (2016) Why Melbournes Properties Will Keep on Rising. [Online]. Available at: https://www.yourinvestmentpropertymag.com.au/market-analysis/why-melbournes-properties-will-keep-on-rising-79693.aspx (Accessed: 6 January 2017). Varian, H. R. (2014)Intermediate Microeconomics: A Modern Approach: Ninth International Student Edition. USA: WW Norton Company. Yates, J. (2011) Housing in Australia in the 2000s: on the agenda too late?. InThe Australian Economy in the 2000s, Proceedings of a Conference, Reserve Bank of Australia, Sydney, 2(3),pp. 261-296.

Avenged Sevenfold free essay sample

At 7:30, on a cold December night, my friend and I found ourselves outside of the Roseland Theater in downtown Portland. Looking through the windows, I could see the usual smog inside, and when we opened the door, we were bulldozed by a cloud of cigarette smoke, and an explosion of music. The air was uncomfortably humid, scented with beer, and we were completely stoked to see Avenged Sevenfold in concert. That night there were three bands opening up for Avenged Sevenfold: Black Tide, The Confession, and Operator. We climbed the stairs and walked into the concert hall just as Black Tide was finishing their second song. I admit I had never even heard of them before that night. Each member of the band had long dark hair that fell far below their shoulders and were head banging excessively. Their music was cluttered, the lead’s voice seemed off key, and I think their hair might have gotten tangled in the guitar strings. We will write a custom essay sample on Avenged Sevenfold or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It sounded almost like a car crash. Overall, Black Tide’s music was great, that is, if you like cat food. Travis and I slowly pushed ourselves forward through the crowd, and as The Confession started to play, we were about halfway to the stage, right in the middle of a huge mosh pit. Most of the guys left me moderately alone, but I was pulled in more then a few times. Being a 5 ft 5† girl, with absolutely no upper body strength, surrounded by huge sweaty men, I was tossed around quite a bit. The Confession’s lead singer was wearing a plaid, button up shirt, and had shaggy hair that covered his eyes. He ran around the stage the whole time, jumping, posing, and a few times, it looked like he was going to lunge off of the stage. But his voice was incomparable, and he had a way of capturing the whole audience with his alluring tones. The Confession had a great set, and their lyrics were incredible. The whole crowd loved them, and you could really tell that the band was having a lot of fun. But I suppose that any band would sound that good after enduring Black Tide’s eye gauging performance. Everyone took a long break before Operator came on, so Travis and I got about half way to the stage, found some other friends from school, and took a bit of a break from pushing our way any further. When Operator finally started up, we were recharged, and ready for them. Operator’s lead singer was the main event for this band. He stood a good eight feet in front of them, shirtless, muscular, and coated in sweat. Seriously, it looked like he had been rubbing vegetable oil all over his chest back stage†¦ Oh boy. Their sound was immense, they had a lot of power behind their guitars, and the whole concert hall was reverberating with their music. It was very much like the ocean pounding against the sand, flooding all of Roseland with its weight. The only thing I could think of the whole time (other than how great the lead singer looked) was how hypnotically the crowd seemed to flow to their songs. Sometime near the end of Operator’s performance, I got separated from my friends, and shoved my way up into the second row to the stage. When the band had finished, there was a good 15 minutes where no one was playing, and everyone was biting each other’s heads off to get closer to the stage, where Avenged Sevenfold would soon be appearing. Being as close to the stage as I was, felt a lot like being shoved through a small, plastic tube. Every time I took a breathe, I could feel my carbon dioxide bouncing off the person next to me, and I was forced to breathe it in again. Also, it really didn’t help that I was compressed in between two half naked, extremely obese men, drenched in sweat. If someone was to have picked them up, and shaken them, enough sweat would have fallen off of their gigantic bodies to fill a swimming pool. It was the closest to suffocation and drowning that I ever want to get. But then, it was as if a light from heaven had broken through ceiling, and descended upon me, because entering the stage at last, was M Shadows, followed by the rest of Avenged Sevenfold! The audience erupted with shrieks and cheers. And I was so close to the stage, that I could practically see the stitching on M Shadow’s jeans! They started their set, and immediately, the throng of people began jolting back and forth, and up and down to the beat. The Confession and Operator looked like preschoolers compared to these guys! Synyster Gates took charge, and executed some out of this world guitar solos, that I could feel thrust through me in a big wave, and hit the person behind me. M Shadows’ tremendous voice seemed to break through the sound barrier, raising everyone’s heart rate by 50 beats. He sang so passionately, that every muscle in my body turned with the music, and it was absolutely impossible not to jump around, vigorously with the crowd. Avenged Sevenfold’s fanatical performance was beyond words. I was sick for two and a half weeks after this concert, that’s how good it was.

Communist Russia essays

Communist Russia essays In the past Russia has been a communist society. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, the society strived to become more advanced and more Western. After the collapse, the people had optimistic expectations. They believed that there would be a short transition period, a rise of a normal/civil society and that Russia would replace the Soviet Union as a great power. This did not happen. In fact, there were many difficulties that they are slowly overcoming. An event that, in my opinion, has encouraged a step in the right direction is the 1996 presidential election. This election was similar to a democracy but not exactly. There are certain elements of a democracy that Russia has not fully embraced. In the 1996 elections, Russia was still in the shadows on how to make the democracy work for them. Before jumping right into the election, I would like to discuss the collapse and the path that led to the democracy style elections. After the fall of the Soviet Union, the people expected a short, difficult transition period. This period turned out to be long and lasted until the end of the decade. The people were also looking forward to a rise of a normal/civil society with the addition of a middle class. In fact, they developed an hourglass society. This meaning that there was a small amount of middle class people and a large number of lower class people. The concentration of the wealth was in the possession of a small number of people. Russia also expected to take the place of the Soviet as a great power. They have not, as of yet, retained their status. Socialists believed that this would lead to a rebound of a normal democratic society. This didnt happen. Some reasons were that no one remembered the pre-Soviet past and that the totalitarian way had become a way of life. Russia is still making steps to become a normal democratic society. With the 1996 presidential electio...

Horror movie review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Horror - Movie Review Example When the family moved in, they experienced horrible experiences such as having falling picture frames, a clapping hand that is really scary. Such circumstances that sciences often do not accept as existent; make the story intriguing. Moreover, the characters express fears and other emotions common to viewers which make them relate to what is happening in the story. Such features of the aforementioned movie make the storytelling very effective, influencing the viewers as intended. Movies are often more powerful in their effects than written stories because the producers and actors help bring to life the characters and images described by the storyteller. When one is simply reading a story, he has to have an active imagination to really bring to life the written text. Although reading allows the reader boundless horrible images, experiences and knowledge tend to limit the imagination. On the other hand, watching movies is more powerful because one does not simply see the scenes but he also hears the sounds that help viewers imagine themselves witnessing the scenes as they happen in real

1.Critically evaluate if the National Minimum Wage (NMW) have an Essay

1.Critically evaluate if the National Minimum Wage (NMW) have an effect on business performance and increase reward grades - Essay Example They continue to argue that with the introduction of this wage, a great percentage of human labor has been replaced by machinery since the employers attest to the fact that inclusion of the employees in the workplace has become extremely expensive due to the costs that come from reinstatement of wages to the employees. However, other analysts differ with this argument arguing that the wage has increased employee performance in the workplace. In the research carried out by Dickens & Manning (pp.95), the National minimum wage (NMW) has acted as a foundation in which employers can offer proper pay to their employees. This works by virtue of the wage being in a position to manage the increases in wages and controlling all aspects that may lead to cutting down of costs. The National minimum wage (NMW), on the other hand also attempts to be at par with the changes that take place in relation to employees and the wage rates. Nevertheless, other analysts argue that it is extremely tasking for employers to deal with the task of adjusting to the tough economic conditions and dealing with demands of the National Minimum Wage (NMW) as imposed by the government. This essay shall attempt to analyze the National Minimum Wage (NMW) and the effect on business performance and increase reward grades. The major aim of the National Minimum Wage (NMW) is to reduce poverty rates in UK. This is according to research conducted by Dickens & Manning (pp.95), who indicate that with the National Minimum Wage (NMW) the employees have no option but to work in their workplaces or risk being unemployed. In this case, therefore, employees do not want to risk getting into the labor market that does not allow for easy entry into the market; thus, give the best that they can manage whilst in their current jobs. With proper distribution of income in the market, Arrowsmith et al, (pp.435) indicate that there are high chances that individuals will be

Hoosiers Essay Example for Free

Hoosiers Essay ‘Hoosiers’ was a film released in 1986 and is one of very rare hits in the series of sports films. The film is set in the year 1952 in a small town in Indiana and this was the time when in Indiana each high school has the goal of winning one or the other states championship. It is based on a true story but with strong characterization, a story with its own logic and aspects of motivation and inspirational scenes as well along with characters having specific and distinguished qualities. 1. On his first night in Hickory, Coach Dale was provided with lots of suggestions by the town’s men but he was very sure that all these suggestions were not going to work. He had his goals and decisions firm and assertive and on the very first day of practice, he tells the temporary coach that his days of coaching were over and also dismisses Buddy. 2. Jimmy Chipwood is considered as the star player with experience and the team members too needed him but Coach Dale tried to ignore him initially and focused on the whole team because he believed that the team that plays collectively preventing selfish play, only has a chance to succeed. But he unintentionally convinces Jimmy to play and it seemed he persuaded him to play for him alone, which encourages the team and they finally win the state championship. 3. At the first prep rally, Coach Dale exhibits the authoritative style of leadership and dismisses a player because he doesn’t follow his instructions word by word. He believes that games when played on fundamentals could win and the most important thing was discipline. 4. During the first game, Coach Dale felt that his team was not able to make a shoot and he decided to make a speech in half time and tried to calm down his players as also give them hints so that they play accordingly after half time. He also makes Ray stay out of the game. 5.â€Å"Shooter† in the movie, ‘Hoosiers’ has the real passion for the game, basketball and of course knows about the game very well. The only thing lacking in him is self-esteem because he had missed an important shot during his playing days and is also the victim of ostracism. Treating these kind of people in the way Coach Dale does is very important because the real thing is how important one is for the purpose i.e., the basketball game here. Promoting the Shooter reveals that personal drawback can be overcome by the knowledge. 6. During sectionals, Coach Dale keeps himself cool and firm and applies the authoritative style of leadership because the team still believed that they could not do without Jimmy. Coach Dale wanted each and every player to perform their best and remember the fundamentals of the game. 7. Coach Dale tries to moderate the pressure of the game of the State Championship among the players but he himself is under pressure because winning this championship meant a lot for him. The pressure is because he was put out of this game for more than a  decade and that guilt stayed in his mind and had made his soul cover with a thick skin of wisdom. The reminder of this incident every now and then makes Coach Dale cynical and of course his arrogance can also be related to the same thing. At the back of the mind he is nervous and wants his players to not to face any such kind of situation, which would make them have regrets throughout their lives. This is what is made clear by Ronald Heffeitz when his work depicts that leading with an open heart needs a lot of courage and writes that it is first and foremost important for ones own identity and spirit. And this Coach dale does during the state championship game and encourages each player to perform his best.

Homicide Trends, Prevention, Intervention in Atlanta Essay -- Social

Introduction Homicide has been in existence since the beginning of time. People kill each other daily. In the United States, you are ten-times more likely to be murdered on the day you’re born than any other time in your life (CDC, 2002). For that reason, today’s research suggest that homicide events should not be considered single incidents but as underlying indicators of changes in social and economic conditions including: race, poverty, and social isolation (Parker 2004) and the distribution of handguns (Ludwig & Cook, 2003). Yet, a vast majority of criminal homicides offer very little understandings. In 2010 there was 12,996 homicides in the United States (Federal Bureau of Investigation, 2010). Ninety-three of those homicides occurred in the Atlanta area (Federal Bureau of Investigation, 2010). For that reason, the heightened incidence of criminal and violent behavior in recent years has become a major concern across the Atlanta area. Several things are thought to be factors of homicide. Some factors include race, demographic, poverty, and the social organization of people. According to the Bureau of Justice Statistics (2009), â€Å"blacks are disproportionately represented as both homicide victims and offenders. In 2010, blacks in Atlanta represented 54% percentage of the population (U.S. Census Bureau, 2010) but 86% percent of the homicide victims (Atlanta Police Department Uniform Crime Report, 2010). Hence, one of the most consistent findings reported in the criminology literature is that African Americans in the United States are involved in criminal homicide both as offenders and victims at a rate that significantly exceeds their numbers in the general population (Bartol & Bartol, 2007). Nevertheless, in many case... ...rected patrols, and the guns for tickets within high crime areas of The City of Atlanta, homicide rates will decrease Summary This paper has demonstrated how the analysis of homicide patterns in Atlanta could be use to develop and recommend interventions for communities impacted by increase homicides. However, the success of any of the recommended interventions depends upon the good relations between the police and citizens of Atlanta. Also, since most homicides are impulsive not forethought, it is unlikely that the strategies impose would mitigate the homicide rates. It is possible, although difficult to envision, that all strategies against homicide would alter behavior of offenders and thereby reduce violent situations. Conversely, by reducing the number of persons carrying firearms on the streets of Atlanta homicide will coincide be reduced as well.

Expectancy Theory

The expectancy theory by Victor Bloom is based on the believe that organizational employees act in a certain way based on the strength of an outcome and how attractive the outcome is to the individual. The theory contains three main relationships and when all three are maintained the desired behavior from the employee will be achieved. These three relationships are effort-performance (Expectant probability), performance-reward (Instrumentality probability) and rewards-personal goals (Valence).In the effort-performance relationship or expectancy the employee must believe that if they perform in a certain manner that they will indeed increase their performance and thus make goals obtainable. In order for the employee to actually believe that increase effort will lead to increase performance they must believe that the process is valid, that they have the tools and resources to achieve the goal and that the goal is meaningful. The goal can’t be without merit based on their knowled ge of the job and their past experiences.The performance-reward relationship or instrumentality hinges of the belief that if the employee does work harder and does meet the performance goal that they will receive a reward or a greater reward compared to others. The employee again needs to have trust in the reward system and the people who manage the processes and reward systems. The reward process should be transparent and fair. The rewards-personal relationship or valence is the value that the employee sees in obtaining the goals. This will be variable because different things motivate people.Paid time off motivate some, bonuses and or pay raises motivate others. Some employees simply are satisfied with being recognized and others seek promotion. The key element to the rewards-personal relationship is not that the employee is satisfied but the satisfactions meet their expectant level of satisfaction. (Expectancy Theory of Motivation, 2012) In the task’s given scenario there is plenty of evidence that the employees have little confidence in the thought of working hard and producing more has any positive affect on them. This is an excellent scenario to apply the expectancy theory.Based on the interviews of supervisor A’s employee by supervisor B’s supervisor there is lack of trust that work is rewarded at all, fairly, and the current reward system is not worth the trouble. The statement that the bonuses are not enough to make a difference in their pay after deductions and the statements that you have to be way underperforming to have a negative effect on your pay and over performance has no positive effect on pay confirm this. These opinions are obviously based on past experience of working with the audio product company.Supervisor A obviously must have the same attitudes as the people he supervises being that his group is underperforming and supervisor B is the person concerned and asking the questions on how to better the situation. There is also a statement that some employees believed they did not have the dexterity to perform the new process undermining the confidence in the new program. The company needs to do several things utilizing the expectancy theory. First there needs to be confidence in the new program that it is meaningful and the goals are obtainable.First for the employees with the issue of dexterity, there needs to be some education and assistance provided to those employees to evaluate what they can do to make it easier to perform the job. Maybe additional tools or resources are necessary. This education and assistance could even be provided by the employees that are doing well and excelling in the new process. The company should set common individual and team goals. The individual goals would motivate the employees and the team goals should motivate the supervisors. These goals need to be obtainable and enough of a challenge that the employee feels accomplishment when they meet them.There also shou ld be regular feedback about their performance. This addresses the expectancy part of the theory that if they work harder that it will increase their performance. Then to gain interest in the rewards, there needs to be an overhaul of the reward system itself. There needs to be variety in the rewards. A poll could be taken of the employees and ask them what would be fair rewards for met goals. The employer could take the majority opinion of the poll and offer the result as a reward or offer options of rewards either by individuals or by group.The rewards must be of value to the employee that is the bottom line. The company needs to have transparency in the new goal and reward program. That will make sure there is confidence and fairness in the reward program. Employees must see that the achievers are being rewarded while the underachievers are not. This tangible difference must be known and visible to reinforce that things are now different and effort is awarded. This aspect addresse s the instrumentality relationship aspect of the expectancy theory.To accommodate those employees that are motivated by recognition, individual rewards that include company wide recognition should be established in addition to the monetary or benefit rewards. Team recognition awards could also be established. This would create a little friendly competition while providing openly displayed performance numbers which in turn provides positive feedback for increased performance. By making sure that the reward system has value and makes the employee desire to make the goal and want the reward addresses the valence relationship of the theory.By giving the employees the skills and tools necessary to obtain goals and to have the employees’ confidence that there is an open and fair reward mechanism is vital for successful motivation of the workforce. It is of utmost importance that the employee feels that their increased effort will increase performance and the increased performance w ill result in meaningful expected rewards for them. Bibliography Expectancy Theory of Motivation. (2012, 11 4). Retrieved from Management Study Guide: http://www. managementstudyguide. com/expectancy-theory-motivation. htm Expectancy Theory Expectancy theory proposes that a person will decide to behave or act in a certain way because they are motivated to select a specific behavior over other behaviors due to what they expect the result of that selected behavior will be. [1] In essence, the motivation of the behavior selection is determined by the desirability of the outcome. However, at the core of the theory is the cognitive process of how an individual processes the different motivational elements. This is done before making the ultimate choice.The outcome is not the sole determining factor in making the decision of how to behave. [1] Expectancy theory is about the mental processes regarding choice, or choosing. It explains the processes that an individual undergoes to make choices. In the study of organizational behavior, expectancy theory is a motivation theory first proposed by Victor Vroom of the Yale School of Management. â€Å"This theory emphasizes the needs for organizations to relate rewards directly to per formance and to ensure that the rewards provided are those rewards deserved and wanted by the recipients. † [2] Victor H.Vroom (1964) defines motivation as a process governing choices among alternative forms of voluntary activities, a process controlled by the individual. The individual makes choices based on estimates of how well the expected results of a given behavior are going to match up with or eventually lead to the desired results. Motivation is a product of the individual’s expectancy that a certain effort will lead to the intended performance, the instrumentality of this performance to achieving a certain result, and the desirability of this result for the individual, known as valence. [3] Contents hide] 1 Author 2 Key elements 2. 1 Expectancy: Effort > Performance (E>P) 2. 2 Instrumentality: Performance > Outcome (P>O) 2. 3 Valence- V(R) 3 Current Research 3. 1 Management 3. 2 Computer Users 3. 3 Models of Teacher Expectancy Effects 4 Criticisms 5 Related The ories 6 Notes 7 Further reading [edit] Author In 1964, Vroom developed the Expectancy theory through his study of the motivations behind decision making. His theory is relevant to the study of management. Currently, Vroom is a John G. Searle Professor of Organization and Management at the Yale University School of Management. 4] [edit] Key elements The Expectancy Theory of Motivation explains the behavioral process of why individuals choose one behavioral option over another. It also explains how they make decisions to achieve the end they value. Vroom introduces three variables within the expectancy theory which are valence (V), expectancy (E) and instrumentality (I). The three elements are important behind choosing one element over another because they are clearly defined: effort-performance expectancy (E>P expectancy), performance-outcome expectancy (P>O expectancy). 5] Three components of Expectancy theory: Expectancy, Instrumentality, and Valence 1. Expectancy: Effort > Perform ance (E>P) 2. Instrumentality: Performance > Outcome (P>O) 3. Valence- V(R) [edit] Expectancy: Effort > Performance (E>P) Expectancy is the belief that one's effort (E) will result in attainment of desired performance (P) goals. Usually based on an individual's past experience, self-confidence (self efficacy), and the perceived difficulty of the performance standard or goal.Factors associated with the individual's Expectancy perception are self efficacy, goal difficulty, and control. Self efficacy is the person’s belief about their ability to successfully perform a particular behavior. Goal difficulty happens when goals are set too high or performance expectations that are made too difficult are most likely to lead to low expectancy perceptions. Control is one's perceived control over performance. In order for expectancy to be high, individuals must believe that they have some degree of control over the expected outcome. edit] Instrumentality: Performance > Outcome (P>O) Inst rumentality is the belief that a person will receive a reward if the performance expectation is met. This reward may come in the form of a pay increase, promotion, recognition or sense of accomplishment. Instrumentality is low when the reward is the same for all performances given. Factors associated with the individual's instrumentality for outcomes are trust, control and policies. If individuals trust their superiors, they are more likely to believe their leaders promises.When there is a lack of trust in leadership, people often attempt to control the reward system. When individuals believe they have some kind of control over how, when, and why rewards are distributed, Instrumentality tends to increase. Formalized written policies impact the individuals' instrumentality perceptions. Instrumentality is increased when formalized policies associates rewards to performance. [edit] Valence- V(R) Valence:[6] the value the individual places on the rewards based on their needs, goals, val ues and Sources of Motivation.Factors associated with the individual's valence for outcomes are values, needs, goals, preferences and Sources of Motivation Strength of an individual’s preference for a particular outcome. The valence refers the value the individual personally places on the rewards. -1 >0> +1 -1= avoiding the outcome 0= indifferent to the outcome +1=welcomes the outcome In order for the valence to be positive, the person must prefer attaining the outcome to not attaining it. Expectancy Theory of motivation can help managers understand how individuals make decisions regarding various behavioral alternatives.The model below shows the direction of motivation, when behavior is energized: Motivational Force (MF) = Expectancy x Instrumentality x Valence When deciding among behavioral options, individuals select the option with the greatest amount of motivational force (MF). Expectancy and instrumentality are attitudes (cognitions) that represent an individual's perce ption of the likelihood that effort will lead to performance that will lead to the desired outcomes. These perceptions represent the individual’s subjective reality, and may or may not bear close resemblance to actual probabilities.These perceptions are tempered by the individual's experiences (learning theory), observations of others (social learning theory), and self-perceptions. Valence is rooted in an individual’s value system. One example of how this theory can be applied is related to evaluating an employee’s job performance. One’s performance is a function of the multiplicative relationship between one’s motivation and ability [P=f (M*A)] [1] Motivation can be expressed as [M=f (V*E)],[7] or as a function of valence times expectancy.In layman’s terms, this is how much someone is invested in something along with how probable or achievable the individual believes the goal is. [edit] Current Research [edit] Management Victor Vroomâ€℠¢s expectancy theory is one such management theory focused on motivation. According to Holdford and Lovelace-Elmore (2001, p. 8), Vroom asserts, â€Å"intensity of work effort depends on the perception that an individual’s effort will result in a desired outcome†. Vroom suggests that â€Å"for a person to be motivated, effort, performance and motivation must be linked† (Droar, 2006, p. 2).Three factors direct the intensity of effort put forth by an individual, according to Vroom; expectancy, instrumentality, and preferences (Holdford and Lovelace-Elmore, 2001). In order to enhance the performance-outcome tie, managers should use systems that tie rewards very closely to performance. Managers also need to ensure that the rewards provided are deserved and wanted by the recipients. [8] In order to improve the effort-performance tie, managers should engage in training to improve their capabilities and improve their belief that added effort will in fact lead to better performance. 8] – Emphasizes self-interest in the alignment of rewards with employee's wants. – Emphasizes the connections among expected behaviors, rewards and organizational goals Expectancy Theory, though well known in work motivation literature, is not as familiar to scholars or practitioners outside that field. [edit] Computer Users Lori Baker-Eveleth and Robert Stone, University of Idaho, conducted an empirical study on 154 faculty members’ behavioral intentions/responses to use of new software.The antecedents with previous computer experience ease of the system, and administrator support for they are linked to behavioral intentions to use the software through self-efficacy and outcome expectancy. Self-efficacy and outcome expectancy impacts a person’s effect and behavior separately. Self-efficacy is the belief a person has that they possess the skills and abilities to successfully accomplish something. Outcome expectancy is the belief a person has when they accomplish the task, a desired outcome is attained.Self-efficacy has a direct impact on outcome expectancy and has a larger effect than outcome expectancy. [9] Employees will accept technology if they believe the technology is a benefit to them. If an employee is mandated to use the technology, the employees will use it but may feel it is not useful. On the other hand, when an employee is not mandated, the employee may be influenced by other factors that it should be used. The self-efficacy theory can be applied to predicting and perceiving an employee’s belief for computer use (Bandura, 1986; Bates & Khasawneh, 2007).This theory associates an individual’s cognitive state affective behavioral outcomes (Staples, Hulland, & Higgins, 1998). Motivation, performance, and feelings of failure are examples of self-efficacy theory expectations. The following constructs of the self-efficacy theory that impact attitudes and intentions to perform: past experience or mas tery with the task, vicarious experience performing the task, emotional or physiological arousal regarding the task, and social persuasion to perform the task. edit] Models of Teacher Expectancy Effects Jere Brophy and Thomas Good (1970, 1974) provided a comprehensive model of how teacher expectations could influence children's achievement. Their model posits that teachers' expectations indirectly affect children's achievement: â€Å"teacher expectations could also affect student outcomes indirectly by leading to differential teacher treatment of students that would condition student attitudes, expectations, and behavior† (Brophy, 1983, p. 639). The model includes the following sequence.Teachers form differential expectations for students early in the school year. Based on these expectations, they behave differently toward different students, and as a result of these behaviors the students begin to understand what the teacher expects from them. If students accept the teachers ' expectations and behavior toward them then they will be more likely to act in ways that confirm the teacher's initial expectations. This process will ultimately affect student achievement so that teachers' initial expectancies are confirmed. [10]In discussing work related to this model, Brophy (1983) made several important observations about teacher expectation effects. First and foremost, he argued that most of the beliefs teachers hold about student are accurate, and so their expectations usually reflect students' actual performance levels. As a result, Brophy contended that selffulfilling prophecy effects have relatively weak effects on student achievement, changing achievement 5% to 10%, although he did note that such effects usually are negative expectation effects rather than positive effects.Second, he pointed out that various situational and individual difference factors influence the extent to which teacher expectations will act as self-fulfilling prophecies. For instance , Brophy stated that expectancy effects may be larger in the early elementary grades, because teachers have more one-on-one interactions with students then, as they attempt to socialize children into the student role. In the upper elementary grades more whole-class teaching methods are used, which may minimize expectation effects.Some evidence supports this claim; expectancy effects in Rosenthal and Jacobson's (1968) study were strongest during the earlier grades. Raudenbush's (1984) meta-analysis of findings from different teacher expectancy studies in which expectancies were induced by giving teachers artificial information about children's intelligence showed that expectancy effects were stronger in Grades 1 and 2 than in Grades 3 through Grade 6, especially when the information was given to teachers during the first few weeks of school.These findings are particularly relevant because they show a form of the expectancy theory and how teachers have certain expectations of students and how they treat the students differently because of those expectations. [10] [edit] Criticisms Some of the critics of the expectancy model were Graen (1969) Lawler (1971), Lawler and Porter (1967), and Porter and Lawler (1968). [11] Their criticisms of the theory were based upon the expectancy model being too simplistic in nature; these critics started making adjustments to Vroom’s model.Edward Lawler claims that the simplicity of expectancy theory is deceptive because it assumes that if an employer makes a reward, such as a financial bonus or promotion, enticing enough, employees will increase their productivity to obtain the reward. [12] However, this only works if the employees believe the reward is beneficial to their immediate needs. For example, a $2 increase in salary may not be desirable to an employee if the increase pushes her into a tax bracket in which she believes her net pay is actually reduced, which is actually impossible in the United States with marginal tax brackets.Similarly, a promotion that provides higher status but requires longer hours may be a deterrent to an employee who values evening and weekend time with his children. In addition to that, if anyone in the armed forces or security agencies is promoted, there is a must condition for such promotions, that they he/she will be transferred to other locations. In such cases, if the new place is far from their permanent residence, where their family is residing, they will not be motivated by such promotions, and the results will be other way round.Because, the outcome, which this reward (promotion) will yield, may not be valued by those who are receiving it. Lawler’s new proposal for expectancy theory is not against Vroom’s theory. Lawler argues that since there have been a variety of developments of expectancy theory since its creation in 1964; the expectancy model needs to be updated. Lawler’s new model is based on four claims. [13] First, whenever there are a number of outcomes, individuals will usually have a preference among those outcomes.Two, there is a belief on the part of that individual that their action(s) will achieve the outcome they desire. Three, any desired outcome was generated by the individual’s behavior. Finally, the actions generated by the individual were generated by the preferred outcome and expectation of the individual. Instead of just looking at expectancy and instrumentality, W. F. Maloney and J. M. McFillen [13] found that expectancy theory could explain the motivation of those individuals who were employed by the construction industry. For nstance, they used worker expectancy and worker instrumentality. Worker expectancy is when supervisors create an equal match between the worker and their job. Worker instrumentality is when an employee knows that any increase in their performance leads to achieving their goal. In a chapter entitled â€Å"On the Origins of Expectancy Theory† published in G reat Minds in Management by Ken G. Smith and Michael A. Hitt, Vroom himself agreed with some of these criticisms and stated that he felt that the theory should be expanded to include research conducted since the original publication of his book.

Intercultural Communication Quiz Essay - 1441 Words

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